«Relation of students to labour activity during study at university (on an example of MGAFK students)

Research problem.
For the past years the students of Moscow State Academy of Physical Education go to classes less often. More often students devote a considerable part of time to work, sometimes even giving to it preference before classes. Possibly, there are a lot of reasons forcing them to act this way. Here it is necessary to say about social vulnerability of students and about extremely low level of material welfare for those who has no financial support and can rely only on the grant or on their own earnings, and also the matter can be in possible disinterest in a future speciality.

Actually at the universities of physical education the considered problematic finds out a serious professional contradiction. Early sports professional work and study at universities coincides. The analysis of references in literature did not reveal the data devoted to the declared problematic that staticizes the given research.

Hypothesis: it is supposed that labour activity during study at universities is of vital necessity for working students, but it negatively affects the progress of students and more often is not connected in any way with a received speciality.

Object of research: MGAFK students studied on the day form.
Subject of research: the relation of 4-year students of MGAFK to work during
study at the Academy.
Purpose of research: to study opinions of students about their relation to labour activity during studying at the Academy.

Research problems:
1. To reveal the motives promoting the beginning of labour activity during study or refusal of it.
2. To define the character of the work selected by students (quantity of days, hours per week, the rate of salaries, etc.).
3. To specify interrelation of labour activity and a future speciality (received during studying.)
Besides these primary goals directing additional aspects of labour activity were also considered.

The research organization.
At the first stage the sociological questionnaire which included 32 questions of closed type was developed.
At the second, flight stage the questionnaire was given to a small amount of students of other universities for revealing the discrepancies, misprints, incorrect formulations,etc. Then it was edited with the account of the received remarks.
Further it was copied and spread with the active assistance of heads of groups to students of the 4th year at MGAFK. At the third stage the analysis of the received data was made.

General characteristic of the received sample.
The quantity of the interrogated students made 92 persons that corresponds to 36,8 % of total amount of the 4- year students(252). In the sexual relation men prevail.

Their quantity makes 65 %. Middle age is 20 years old. More than half of students are on a house care, living with parents (54,5 %),32,5 % - live in a hostel. 10 % have their own dwelling, and nobody of the interrogated rents an apartment or room. An average wages level is about 35.000 roubles. 82,5 % of students are on a budgetary basis and regularly go to classes. 2,5 % of the interrogated are married, 5 % live in a civil marriage, 10 % are divorced and 82,5 % did not have time to connect themselves with family bonds.

95 % believe that nowadays to work during study is quite natural. Few of the interrogated students (5 %) also have a positive attitude to labour activity; however they consider this phenomenon quite positive only in case if it is connected with a received speciality.

As a result from the above said, the percentage correlation of working and not working students is 70 % to 30 %. And girls work more often than boys: 62 % of working boys against 81,3 % of working girls.

There is a tendency for senior students to need some additional earning. It is connected with a lot of reasons. However, it is important to mention that 95 % of students of the first year of education worked either. Half of the respondents throughout all the 4 years of studying at university had a permanent job, 45 % had a temporary job and only 5 % did not face labour everyday life at all.

Working students.
It was possible to assume that the basic reason for such students is the necessity to provide to themselves existence means. However, the majority puts this criterion only on the third place, giving preference to such aspects as: 1. a desire to have personal money; 2. an establishment of communications and work experience accumulation. The reasons of exclusive material character play far not the most important role. A payment for dwelling, the help to relatives, existence means, and the necessity to provide for a family - the majority is in the bottom part of the table. The primary task is an aspiration to financial independence, self-realization in work- on account of its early beginning, the aspiration to make life more fascinating. All these needs are more spiritual.

Possibly, it is very important on what the student first of all pays attention at a choice of a place of work. In spite of the fact that combining work and study, flexible hours of work should prevail, it is only on the third place for students. On first two positions there is a level of wages and work location. It can serve as indirect acknowledgement of that the given group of students is initially aimed at self-realization in labour activity and, in case it is well paid, they will not be too sad, if they will have to miss classes. Among those who do not work on a speciality only 20 % are sure that after graduating from MGAFK they will be able to find a job by profession. 30 % of working students already understand that their trade suits them and believe they will remain in the area they chose.

Concerning the work schedule it is possible to say that the majority of students prefer to give to work from 3 to 5 days. The percent of those who work 1-2 days is thus very low. Some have 6 working days and nobody dared to make a whole week completely for work. Thus, if the preference of a student is given to work then he works thoroughly, but thus not running into extremes. 72 % of the interrogated students aspire to work at least one of the days off, thereby leaving the possibility for going to classes (all of them study on a day department). 21 % leaves both days off for a labour activity. Thus, on the average, a student misses 1-2 educational days a week under condition of working time does not allow him to combine it with study.

The quantity of hours given for earnings is very great. The greatest on number group works from 30 till 40 hours a week that corresponds to a full working week. The second on number group (25 %), on the contrary tries to minimize time given to work. Their working week consists only from 10 hours.

The level of wages varies widely enough. The quarter of students has a stable salary exceeding 25 000 roubles a month. Exactly half of students receives not less than 15 000 roubles. And the considerable group of students receives from 10 to 15 000 roubles. Thus, the overwhelming majority of them considers that after graduating from university, they will be able to earn more than 30 000 roubles a month. It is possible to draw an indirect conclusion recollecting that the majority of this contingent aspires to work by a profession, that they consider the trade claimed and well paid Considering the link of labour activity and progress, it is necessary to find out, whether students study missed material or not. As it appeared, practically neither the first group nor the second one does it. Moreover, the percent of those who confidently answered said that they never open textbooks on the passed heads.

Strangely enough, but having more time for study, more often studying the passed material, progress of not working respondents is more low. The quantity of honours students in both groups is equal, and the number of those who take good marks among working respondents is much above - 71 % against 51 %. And there are only 4 % of those who take three. It is difficult to give any explanation to this observation, and, possibly, it needs some further research. The conclusion goes without saying students perceiving MGAFK as something necessary, do not aspire to full self-realization in its walls.

Borisov A.D.